Effects of Submerged Vegetation Arrangement Patterns and Density on Flow Structure

Aquatic vegetation appears very often in rivers and floodplains, which significantly affects the flow structure. In this study, experiments have been conducted to investigate effects of submerged arrangement patterns density on Deflected non-bending is arranged square staggered configurations channel bed a large-scale flume. Results showed that configuration leads intensified streamwise velocity, turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), Reynolds shear stress (RSS) compared configuration. When low (λ = 0.04 λ 0.07), produced wake rear more expansive than with high 0.09 0.17) because velocity center four elements lower middle two density. TKE zone deflected indicate maximum root-mean-square fluctuations occur at sheath section (z/H 0.1) top 0.4). behind elements, value RSS occurred slightly above interface between non-vegetation layer, showing Kelvin–Helmholtz instability associated inflectional points longitudinal velocity. Within range study (0.04 < ≈< 0.23), as increases, negative positive values throughout depth increase.